当前位置:  > 文章中心 > 人民健康 > 食品安全

陈一文:孟山都1983年做的毒理学动物试验证实草甘膦致白血病

2015-07-17 14:24:57  来源: 陈一文博客   作者:陈一文顾问
点击:    评论: (查看) 字体: / /

  陈一文:孟山都1983年做的毒理学动物试验证实草甘膦致白血病 

 

  (2015-07-14 09:26:20)育儿 美国环保署 epa 农业部 儿童癌症 

  分类: 批判转基因技术

 

  孟山都1988年申请农达“农药登记”时对中国政府与中国的第三方面欺骗:故意没向农业部提供暴露草甘膦致癌性的长期、终生与三代生殖毒性动物试验报告。美国环保署(EPA)对草甘膦除草剂做安全评价期间,向美国环保署提交的孟山都委托Biodynamics实验室对SD大鼠所做的26个月试验研究,所有不同剂量草甘膦处理组睾丸中都发现了间质细胞肿瘤,但是对照组中没有发现任何肿瘤。低、中与高剂量草甘膦组中致瘤发病率增长为6%、2%与12%。肾脏中发现良性肾小管腺瘤,在雄鼠的心脏、脾、胰腺、肺、肝、淋巴结、骨髓与肾上腺中发现白血病症状的淋巴母细胞性淋巴肉瘤。在乳腺中发现导管腺癌,子宫中发现平滑肌肉瘤。发现的其他种类癌症为:支气管肺泡腺癌、颗粒细胞瘤、平滑肌肉瘤血管内皮瘤、粒细胞性白血病和复合淋巴肉瘤。大多数的癌症是转移性的或恶性,有些是良性的。依据孟山都要求,这些动物试验研究文件作为商业秘密对公众保密。孟山都1988年申请农达“农药登记”时故意不提供这些动物试验报告。

 

  孟山都对草甘膦做安全评价提交美国环保署(EPA)的毒理学动物试验报告证实孟山都1983年就知道草甘膦致白血病!

 

  --《中国儿童白血病年增2万患儿剧增到年增4万患儿,已成为流行病态势》系列文章之四 

  Anthony Samsel, Research Scientist / Consultant confirmed to advisor Chen I-wan on July 11, 2015: 

  Anthony Samsel,研究科学家、顾问,2015年7月11日向陈一文顾问确认:

 

  Recently, at the joint meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Core Assessment Group, it was determined that Glyphosate be classified as a class 2A carcinogen.  This was met with vehement criticism by the Monsanto company.  I have reviewed more than 15,000 pages of Trade Secret animal studies conducted by Monsanto and its contractors which were submitted to the US EPA during the eva1uation of the chemical, I must conclude that Monsanto knew as early as 1981 that glyphosate caused cancer and other manifestations of disease in multiple glands and organs.

 

  最近,世界粮农组织/世界卫生组织核心评估组对农药残留联合专家组联合会议确定草甘膦为2A类致癌物。这遭到了孟山都公司强烈的批评。对草甘膦进行评价期间孟山都向美国环保署(EPA)提交的孟山都及其委托的实验室所做的超过15,000页“商业秘密”动物试验研究进行审查后,我必须结论孟山都早在1981年就知道草甘膦在哺乳动物多种腺体和器官中致癌与其他疾病的表现。

 

  The study documents contain evidence that were sealed from public purview at the request of Monsanto after agency submission and they remain sealed even today.  All negative findings which would have prevented registration of the product were eliminated by comparing incidences of disease found, which included many cancers, to unrelated historical controls from unrelated studies.  This practice should be banned from science as it is dishonest and derides the scientific process.  It is the same as deliberately contaminating an experiments control to obscure or hide the adverse effects by a product to allow its sale for profit.

 

  这些动物试验研究文件包含对公众保密的证据,它们依据孟山都的要求一直到今天封存起来对公众秘而不宣。所有这些危害性的发现,其中包括许多癌症,当初本来应当能够阻止草甘膦这种产品通过登记,却通过将发现的这些疾病的发生率,与毫无关系的研究中毫无关系的“历史性对照”进行比较,予以排除。这样的做法在科学中应当禁止,这是不诚实的、嘲弄科学的过程。这种做法与为了通过审查获得利润而故意污染实验对照物,模糊或隐藏申请评价产品的不利影响的做法,没有不同。

 

  In every occasion and depending on incidence of disease, Monsanto or its contractors often used 3, 5, 7 and even as many as 11 of these spurious studies to dismiss inconvenient findings, even when the experiment’s own control showed no incidence of disease even though the result clearly pointed to glyphosate as a causal agent.

 

  每次情况下以及取决于(试验动物)疾病发生率,孟山都或者委托的实验室往往用3项、5项、7项以至多达11项这样的虚假的试验研究来排除对他们不方便的发现,即便当试验自己的对照组显示没有发生这样的疾病二试验结果清楚指出草甘膦是造成这种疾病原因时也如此。

 

  Additionally, if a linear dose response relationship was not seen, they rejected the results and labeled it a mystery and or not compound related.  This practice must be eliminated from the scientific eva1uation process as it is dishonest, especially as glyphosate is non-monotonic with a more inverse or low dose-response as is seen with endocrine disrupting chemicals.

 

  此外,试验中如果看不到线性剂量响应关系,他们就拒绝试验的结果,将其贴上“神秘”和/或“成分不相关”标签。科学评价中必须排除这样的不诚实的做法,特别因为草甘膦与其他内分泌干扰化学品中看到的那样对更小或者低剂量发生非单调性响应。

 

  In all three of the Monsanto long-term, two-year studies in mice and rats, incidence of tumorigenic growth were noted in both male and female animals in the low, mid and high dose groups.  Experimental dosing of glyphosate varied, with the 1981 study using 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg of body weight, to as much as 1,000, 8,000 and 30,000 ppm in the highest dose group of a study from 1983.

 

  在孟山都在小鼠与大鼠中做的三项长期、两年试验研究中,雄鼠与雌鼠在低剂量、中剂量与高剂量中都记录到肿瘤生长发现率。试验中使用的草甘膦剂量不同,1981年的研究使用了3、10与30 mg/kg体重剂量,而1983年研究中的高剂量组使用了多达1,000、8,000与30,000 ppm剂量。

 

  In both mice and rats glyphosate affected glands of the endocrine system i.e. pituitary, thymus, adrenals, thyroid mammary and testes as well as major organs including the kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen, heart and even the bone marrow and lymph nodes.  Though many incidences were small, they were still there and in many glands and organs, the control showed 0% incidence of disease.

 

  无论小鼠试验还是大鼠试验中,草甘膦影响内分泌腺,如垂体、胸腺、肾上腺、甲状腺乳腺与睾丸,以及主要的器官,包括肾、肝、肺、脾、心脏以至骨髓与淋巴结。

 

  In a 26 month study conducted by Biodynamics with Sprague-Dawley rats, incidence of interstitial cell tumors of the testes was found in all three glyphosate treated test groups, but no tumors were found in the control group.  Incidence of tumorigenic growth was 6 %, 2%, and 12% in the low, mid and high dose groups.  Additionally, in another study by Knezevich and Hogan in 1983 using mice, a lower incidence was found in the testes treated with higher doses, demonstrating a non-monotonic relationship by glyphosate as seen with other endocrine disrupting chemicals.

 

  由Biodynamics实验室对SD大鼠所做的26个月试验研究中,所有不同剂量草甘膦处理组睾丸中都发现了间质细胞肿瘤,但是对照组中没有发现任何肿瘤。低、中与高剂量草甘膦组中致瘤发病率增长为6%、2%与12%。此外,Knezevich与Hogan于1983年进行的小鼠试验研究中,致瘤发病率在高剂量组睾丸中更低,显示草甘膦具有非单调性,与其他内分泌干扰化学品那样。

 

  In that same 1983 study, benign renal tubule adenomas of the kidneys were found as well as Lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma with leukemic manifestations in the heart, spleen, pancreas, lungs, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow and adrenals of the male mice. Female mice also had incidence of lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma with leukemic manifestations of the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes, urinary bladder, uterus and bone marrow.  Ductal Adenocarcinoma was also found in the mammary glands as well as leiomyosarcoma of the uterus.  Other cancers found included:  Bronchiolar-alveolar adenocarcinoma, granulosa cell tumors, leiomyosarcomas, hemangioendotheliomas, granulocytic leukemia and composite lymphosarcomas.

 

  1983年进行的该项小鼠试验研究中,肾脏中发现良性肾小管腺瘤,在雄鼠的心脏、脾、胰腺、肺、肝、淋巴结、骨髓与肾上腺中发现白血病症状的淋巴母细胞性淋巴肉瘤。在乳腺中发现导管腺癌,子宫中发现平滑肌肉瘤。发现的其他种类癌症为:支气管肺泡腺癌、颗粒细胞瘤、平滑肌肉瘤血管内皮瘤、粒细胞性白血病和复合淋巴肉瘤。

 

  Most of the cancers were metastatic or malignant and some were benign.

 

  大多数的癌症是转移性的或恶性,有些是良性的。

 

  Source of information: Confirmed and authorized to quote by Anthony Samsel, private communication 2015-07-11

 

  信息来源: Anthony Samsel确认并授权引用,私人通讯2015-07-11

 

  附录:孟山都1988年申请农达“农药登记”时对中国政府与中国的第三方面欺骗:故意没向农业部提供暴露草甘膦致癌性的长期、终生与三代生殖毒性动物试验报告。     美国环保部公开档案资料中至少列出以下三项长期研究项目暴露草甘膦有致癌性: 1)  "A Three-Generation Reproduction Study in Rats with Glyphosate (Final Report; Bio/dynamics Project No.77-2063; March 31, 1981)1)“对大鼠喂食草甘膦的三代繁殖研究(最终报告;Bio/dynamics实验室项目第77-2063号;1981年3月31日)。2)  Lankas, G. P. December 23, 1981. A Lifetime Study of     Glyphosate in Rats. Unpublished report No. 77-2062 prepared by       BioDynamics)2)Lankas, G. P. 1981年12月23日。对大鼠的终生研究。未出版报告第77-2062号,研究机构BioDynamics实验室。

 

  3)  Hogan, G. K. (1983). A chronic feeding study of glyphosate in mice. Unpublished report prepared by Bio/Dynamics Inc., dated July 21, 1983. Report No. 77-2061. EPA Acc. Nos. 251007 - 251009, and 251014.3)Hogan, G. K. (1983)。小鼠中的草甘膦慢性喂食研究。未出版报告,研究机构Bio/Dynamics Inc.实验室。日期1983年7月21日。报告第77-2061。美国环保署EPA档案编号251007 - 251009与251014。

 

  信息来源:

 

  (1) 1986-03-01“草甘膦登记标准修改”http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chemicalsearch/chemical/foia/cleared-reviews/reviews/103601/103601-210.pdf;   (2) EPA 1992年7月22日草甘膦除草剂“农药登记”重新审查文件http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/cleared_reviews/csr_PC-103601_22-Jul-92_272.pdf 

 

  参考资料: 

  1)中国儿童白血病年增2万患儿剧增到年增4万患儿,已成为流行病态势!

 

  博文:http://t.cn/RL7RuMc; 微博:http://weibo.com/1269923485/Cpi7GvF4b

 

  网友汇总巨量白血病患儿信息令人深思!2011年报道,我国400万名白血病患者中,50%是儿童,以2—7岁患儿居多。2012年,中国血液病协会委员、济南血液病医院首席专家王佐庭介绍,目前中国约有500万白血病患者,儿童白血病患者约占一半,白血病患者数量的增长速度从过去每年约4万人提高到每年约8万人。也就是说,中国儿童白血病年增2万患儿剧增到年增4万患儿,已成为流行病态势!据济南血液病医院企划部主任周华介绍,目前很多白血病等血液病患者来自农村,经济条件比较困难。“治疗少则几十万、多则上百万元,光做骨髓移植手术就要三四十万元。” 依照儿童白血病患儿平均治疗费用50万元推测,年增4万患儿意味着每年合计增加治疗费用200亿元,还不算对患儿家长造成的其他经济负担。

 

  2)《国际环境研究公共卫生》杂志2012年8月:白血病与苯

 

  博文:http://t.cn/RLA49zf; 微博:http://weibo.com/1269923485/CpPxx2xAp

 

  美国新泽西州立大学药理学和毒理学罗伯特-斯奈德博士回顾了医学与毒理学界对苯造成白血病认识与研究的最新进展,对未来研究方向提出了建议。他强调“近年来关注到的苯接触造成的另一种结果,是一种或多种类型白血病的发展。虽然许多调查人员认为,在肝脏或骨髓生成的苯的数种有毒代谢物组合,可能导致创伤性骨髓损伤,然而,导致白血病的更微妙的机制尚未深刻揭示出来。”文章引证美国环保署(EPA)1998年4月颁布的《苯的致癌作用:更新》,确认对苯的毒性而言,即便“在极端低的剂量的每种剂量都可以关联与某种特定的风险”,某些人士热衷于“人类流行病学研究或者动物生物试验找到一种不造成风险的可接受的苯安全剂量水平的努力”至今失败。这充分证实:人类,特别是婴儿与儿童,日复一日、月复一月食用的食品及其相关标准,对苯的残留必须坚持“零容忍”,因为持续摄入哪怕极其微量苯残留,必然造成白血病剧增的恶果!

 

  3)世卫组织:哺乳动物草甘膦生物蓄积最聚集处为骨头骨髓

 

  博文:http://t.cn/RL2bJmo; 微博:http://weibo.com/1269923485/CpYJZnggV

 

  美国新泽西州立大学药理学和毒理学罗伯特-斯奈德博士揭示,多种白血病的根源是有害化学物质导致创伤性骨髓及其造血系统损伤。2004年世界粮农组织/世界卫生组织对农药残留会议文件确认孟山都1988年与先正达1996年向世界卫生组织提交的文件确认:用碳14辐射标记草甘膦服用给大鼠时,试验期间内,无论不同剂量、服用方式或者服用次数,服用剂量的0.5-1.4%留在了组织中。最高的放射性在骨头,其次在骨髓、肾脏、肝脏、肺部与残留的骨骼!文件确认的孟山都1988年提交给世界卫生组织的孟山都环境性健康实验室1983年完成的大鼠草甘膦服用研究报告意义重大,证实孟山都农达1988年向中国农业部申请“农药登记”时,孟山都早在1983年通过动物试验已经清楚知道草甘膦在哺乳动物骨髓生物蓄积,而不是不生物蓄积! 

「 支持红色网站!」

红歌会网 SZHGH.COM

感谢您的支持与鼓励!
您的打赏将用于红歌会网日常运行与维护。
帮助我们办好网站,宣传红色文化。
传播正能量,促进公平正义!

相关文章